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CHAPTER 2

CHAPTER 2
Substance Abuse



SMOKING


  1. Understand smoking and its hazards. 
  2. Ingredients in the cigarette 
  3. The complications and prevention methods for smoking




    
 1) Definition smoking
 
  It's the inhalation of the smoke of burning tobacco encased in cigarettes, pipes, and cigars. Casual smoking is the act of smoking only occasionally, usually in a social situation or to relieve stress. A smoking habit is a physical addiction to tobacco products. Many health experts now regard habitual smoking as a psychological addiction, too, and one with serious health consequences.
         Read More Here
 .
 2) Toxic ingredients in cigarette


       There are more than 4,000 ingredients in a cigarette other than tobacco.
       Common additives include yeast,wine, caffeine, beeswax and chocolate. 
       Here are some other ingredients: 


Toxics
Effects
Fungicides and pesticides
Cause many types of cancers and birth defects
Cadmium
Linked to lung and prostate cancer.
Benzene
Linked to leukemia..Used in making dyes, synthetic rubber
Formaldehyde
Linked to lung cancer.
Nickel
Causes increased susceptibility to lung infections.
Ammonia
Household cleaner
Angelica root extract
Known to cause cancer in animals
Arsenic
Used in rat poisons
Butane
Gas; used in lighter fluid
Carbon monoxide
Poisonous gas
Cadmium
Used in batteries
Cyanide
Deadly poison
DDT
A banned insecticide
Ethyl Furoate
Causes liver damage in animals
Lead
Poisonous in high doses
Formaldehiyde
Used to preserve dead specimens
Methoprene:
Insecticide
Megastigmatrienone:
Chemical naturally found in grapefruit juice
Maltitol
Sweetener for diabetics
Napthalene
Ingredient in mothballs
Methyl isocyanate
Its accidental release killed 2000 people in Bhopal, India in 1984
Polonium
Cancer-causing radioactive element
                  
                     Resources by:
                     http://www.quitsmokingsupport.com/whatsinit.htm


  3) Smoking complication


     
      The list of complications that have been mentioned in various sources for Smoking  includes:

 
Non-cancer lung conditions related to smoking
Various cancers are linked to smoking
Smoking linked to various other diseases
Smoking effects on female fertility
Smoking effects on pregnancy
1.   Chronic obstructive lung disease
2.   Chronic bronchitis
3.   Emphysema

1.      Lung cancer
2.      Mouth cancer
3.      Larynx cancer
4.      Throat cancer
5.      Oral cancer
6.      Esophagus cancer
7.      Urinary tract cancer
8.      Kidney cancer
9.      Pancreas cancer
10.    Cervix cancer
1.   Heart disease
2.   Peripheral artery        disease
3.   Blood vessel disease
4.  Polycythemia
1.   Female infertility
2.   Early menopause
1.   Low birth weight
2.   Vaginal bleeding
3.   Miscarriage
4.   Premature delivery
5.   Stillbirth
6.   Sudden infant death syndrome

     

      
 Read more at 
 http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/s/smoking/complic.htm?ktrack=kcplink#complication_list


4) What happen when quit smoking
  
Symptoms That Occur After Quitting Smoking
Symptom
Cause
Duration
Relief
Craving for cigarette
Nicotine craving
first week can linger for months
distract yourself with other activity
Irritability, impatience
Nicotine craving
2 to 4 weeks
Exercise, relaxation techniques, avoid caffeine
Insomnia
Nicotine craving temporarily reduces deep sleep
2 to 4 weeks
Avoid caffeine after 6 PM relaxation techniques; exercise
Fatigue
Lack of nicotine stimulation
2 to 4 weeks
Nap
Lack of concentration
lack of nicotine stimulation
A few weeks
Reduce workload; avoid stress
Hunger
Cigarettes craving confused hunger pangs
Up to several weeks
Drink water or low calorie drinks; eat low-calorie snacks
Coughing, dry throat, nasal drip
Body ridding itself of mucus in lungs and airways
Several weeks
Drink plenty of fluids; use cough drops
Constipation, gas
Intestinal movement decreases with lack of nicotine
1 to 2 weeks
Drink plenty of fluids; add fiber to diet; exercise

4)  Treatment to quit smoking
          
Other alternatives to help with the withdrawal symptoms of kicking the habit include nicotine replacement       therapy in the form of gum, patches, nasal sprays, and oral inhalers. These are available by prescription or over the counter. A physician can provide advice on how to use them. They slowly release a small amount of nicotine into the bloodstream, satisfying the smoker's physical craving. Over time, the amount of gum the smoker chews is decreased and the amount of time between applying the patches is increased.


5) Alternative treatment

There are a wide range of alternative treatments that can help a smoker quit the habit, including hypnotherapy, herbs, acupuncture, and meditation. For example, a controlled trial demonstrated that self-massage can help smokers crave less intensely, smoke fewer cigarettes, and in some cases completely give them up.

Hypnotherapy-helps the smoker achieve a trance-like state, during which the deepest levels of the mind are accessed.

Aromatherapy-One study demonstrated that inhaling the vapor from black pepper extract can reduce symptoms associated with smoking withdrawal
Herbs-A variety of herbs can help smokers reduce their cravings for nicotine, calm their irritability.

Acupuncture -This ancient Chinese method of healing is used commonly to help beat addictions, including smoking. The acupuncturist will use hair-thin needles to stimulate the body's, or healthy energy.

Vitamins -Smoking seriously depletes vitamin C in the body and leaves it more susceptible to infections. Vitamin C can prevent or reduce free-radical damage by acting as an antioxidant in the lungs.

6) what is secondhand smoker?

When a person smokes near you, you breathe secondhand smoke. Secondhand smoke is the combination of smoke from the burning end of the cigarette and the smoke breathed out by smokers. When you breathe secondhand smoke, it is like you are smoking. Whether you are young or old, healthy or sick, secondhand smoke is dangerous.

Here some funny clip on smoking












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